September 18, 2026
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Kimiyya: Menene Sama? (II

Tare Da Abubakar Isah Hassan

Mutane da dama suna cewa “ya tafi sama” idan ana nufin mutum ya mutu, ko jirgi ya tashi, ko kuma an haye wani mataki na rayuwa. Amma idan muka kutsa cikin fahimtar kimiyya da hangen nesa na sararin samaniya, tambayar zata rikide zuwa wata mai sarƙaƙiya da ke bukatar zurfin ilimi: idan mutum ya bar doron duniya, shin da gaske “sama” ne yake hawa kuwa?

Idan mutum zai sauko daga duniyar Wata zuwa doron Duniya, shin “ƙasa” ne zai sulmiyo?

Kamar yanda kimiyya ta tabbatar, duniya ƙwallo ce mai siffar zagaye wadda ke shawagi a cikin wani sarari marar iyaka. Tana juyawa a kan kanta a lokaci guda kuma take mirginawa a zagayenta na rana wanda ke bamu dare da rana.

Saboda haka, ba wani abu mai tsayayyen siffa da za a kira shi da suna “sama” ko “ƙasa” a mahangar ilimi na yaƙini. Domin wannan “sama” da muke faɗi tana ƙara bayyana ne a matsayin wata ma’anar da mutum ke ginawa bisa inda yake tsaye da yadda hankalinsa ke kallon duniya da kuma iyakar iliminsa da al’ada ta kwatance.

Misali, idan mutum ya tashi daga Nijeriya yana ganin ya nufi sama, amma idan wani yana tsaye a Ƙasar Chile (wadda ke ƙasan duniya idan aka kalli taswirar duniya), shima yana iya faɗin cewa yana tashi ne zuwa “sama” domin haka yake gani daga bangarensa.

To a cikinsu wanene ke hawa saman da gaske? Wannan yana nuna mana cewa “sama” wata fahimta ce da aka kirkira bisa hangen mutum, ba lalle ta yi daidai da tsarin duniya da kimiyya ta bayyana ba.

Idan jirgin sama ya tashi daga Abuja zuwa can sama, a zahiri yana motsawa ne daga saman doron duniya zuwa wani matsayi mafi sama, amma baya barin duniya gaba ɗaya.

Amma kuma idan aka harba roka zuwa duniyar Wata ko Mars, to a nan an shiga wani sabon fili ne, wato wani yanki daga cikin sararin da duniya da sauran taurari ke shawagi a cikinsa. Amma fa, ba sama ake hawa ba a’a, wannan wani nau’in tafiya ce cikin fili, irin wanda ba ya da kasa ko sama.

Masana kimiyya sun yi bayanin cewa, a sararin samaniya, kalmomin “sama” da “ƙasa” basu da tushe na zahiri. Maimakon haka, akwai “cibiya” wato inda ka fito, da kuma “bangare” wato inda ka nufa.

Tsarin maganadisu ne da sauran ƙa’idodin janyo jiki (gravity) ke ƙayyade tare da sarrafa karfinka, ba wani gini ko wani mataki da kake hawa kamar yanda kake hawan bene.

Misalin da zai iya taimakawa a nan shi ne: ka ɗauka kana cikin ruwa mai tsanin yawan da baka ganin farko da ƙarshen sa, kuma babu sama ko ƙasa idan ka motsa zuwa wani yanki na ruwa, ba za ka iya cewa kana hawa ba ne, sai dai ka ce kana motsawa cikin ruwan ne.

Haka lamarin yake a sararin samaniya duniya na shawagi ne cikin “teku” na sarari, babu ƙasa babu sama sai dai kawai wani motsi ne daga wuri zuwa wuri bisa ka’idojin kimiyya.

Wannan yana nuni da cewa “hawowa sama” da muke amfani da ita a rayuwar yau da kullum tana ɗauke ne kawai da al’adun tunani da hangen ido, amma ba lalle ta dace da hakikanin tsarin duniya a mahangar kimiyya ba. Sama da muke faɗa wata hanya ce ta saukaka fahimta, amma tana iya ɓoye mana gaskiyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin duniya.

Mu haɗu a rubutu na gaba don jin yadda duniya ke shawagi da abinda ke riƙe da ita.

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